Istanbul Foundation for Science and Culture
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Contents

5

Contents

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|Publisher's Preface|[07](/rational-arguments/publisher’s-preface/10503/35/7/10#72)|

|Rational Arguments: A Prescription for the Ulema|[11](/rational-arguments/rational-arguments-a-prescription-for-the-ulema/10504/35/11/17#112)|

|The First Article: The Element of Reality|[19](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#192)|

|The First Premise|[19](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#192)|

|The Second Premise|[22](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#222)|

|The Third Premise|[25](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#252)|

|The Fourth Premise|[29](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#292)|

|The Fifth Premise|[31](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#312)|

|The Sixth Premise|[33](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#332)|

|The Seventh Premise|[37](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#372)|

|The Eighth Premise|[40](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#402)|

|The Ninth Premise|[44](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#442)|

|The Tenth Premise|[48](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#482)|

|The Eleventh Premise|[51](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#512)|

|The Twelfth Premise|[52](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#522)|

|The First Matter|[58](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#582)|

|The Second Matter|[62](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#622)|

|The Third Matter. Qaf Mountain|[65](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#652)|

|The Fourth Matter. The Barrier of Dhu'l-Qarnayn|[68](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#682)|

|The Fifth Matter|[72](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#722)|

|The Sixth Matter|[74](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#742)|

|The Seventh Matter|[75](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#752)|

|The Eighth Matter|[76](/rational-arguments/the-first-article-the-element-of-reality/10505/35/19/19#762)|

4–6 October 2026 · Istanbul

13th International Bediuzzaman Symposium

Visit the symposium website for the programme, papers and registration.