this, you'll be saved from doubts. Just as the necessities of a household can't all be obtained from a single craftsman, but each has to be sought from an expert in the craft needed; so too, in the palace of civilisational achievements the law in question has to be complied with. Isn't it clear that if someone asks the tailor to sew up his broken watch, he will receive nothing but a blast of invective?

Indication

The gist of this Premise is as follows: although it is obligatory to act in accordance with the law of progress, which has been made operative in the world's creation by the Glorious Maker and issues from the rule of the division of labour, and to comply with what it infers, this has not been fully observed. It is like this: by virtue of the potentialities and inclinations planted in human nature by the gracious hand of divine wisdom — which necessitates the division of labour — a sort of command has been given to practise the arts and sciences. This is an obligation on a section of the community (farzü'l-kifâye) imposed by the Shari'a of Creation. But we abused this and due to our desire for superiority, which is a false ambition and pure hypocrisy, we extinguished the enthusiasm that would strengthen and assist the inclinations born of those potentialities, and wasted it. Certainly the rebellious deserve Hell. And we were tormented by the hell of ignorance because we did not comply with the code of natural laws (şeriat-ı fitriye) known as creation. But if we act in conformity with the law of the division of labour, we will be saved from this torment. For our forebears acted in accordance with it and entered the paradise of the sciences.

#### Conclusion

Conclusion

Just as a non-Muslim does not become a Muslim by merely entering a mosque; so some matter of a natural science like geography or history does not become Shari'a or Qur'anic commentary by being included in a book of the Shari'a or a commentary. Also, — on condition he is an expert — a ruling made by a scholar of the Shari'a or Qur'anic interpretation, is authoritative only in the science concerned. His statements about intrusive matters that have entered