The First is the way of the Sufi mystic-scholars, which is based on purification and illumination.

The Second is the way of the scholars of the science of kalām, which is based on contingency and createdness. For sure these two ways have branched out from the Qur'an, but since human thought has poured them into different moulds, they have acquired lengthy glosses and annotations, making them onerous.

The Third is the way of the philosophers.

These three are not free of the assaults of delusive notions.

As for The Fourth, it is the Qur'anic ascent, which proclaims the lofty rank of the Qur'an's eloquence, and is the shortest and most direct, and in respect of clarity is the most comprehensive, embracing all humankind. We too have chosen this way. It is of two kinds:

#### The First

THE FIRST is the proof of divine providence (delil-i inâyet). All the Qur'anic verses that recount the benefits of things allude to this proof and they set it in order. Its essence is the following of benefits and instances of wisdom in the universe's superlative order. This proves the Maker's wisdom and purpose and banishes erroneous ideas about chance.

##### Premise

Premise

For sure not everyone can perceive through induction the following of benefits and order in the world and not everyone can comprehend it. But thanks to the meeting of minds among men, a science has been and is being formed consisting of the regular, universal laws particular to each species and realm of beings in the universe.

On the other hand, if there is no order in a matter, since the proposition (hüküm) will not be in force universally, the law's universality is evidence for the good order of the species. This means that by reason of the universality of their laws, through induction the physical sciences (fünun-u ekvân) are each proofs producing (intâc) the perfect order. Yes, by showing the benefits and fruits hanging from the links of the chains of beings, and the instances of wisdom and advantages hidden in the intertwined revolutions of events, all the physical sciences both point to and testify to the