boycott the outside. Indeed, as long as it is not necessary, it is to boycott ideas, matters, examples, and styles. But there may be coincidences, for the truth is one. You will see the same thing, whatever door you enter by.

Conclusion

Conclusion

It has been said that one should look to what is said, not to the one who said it. But I say: Who said it? To whom did they say it? In what context did they say it? For what reason did they say it? In respect of eloquence these should be considered as well as what is said; indeed, this is of the utmost importance.

Indication

It should be known that according to eloquence, the features of the sciences of Ma'ānī (the semantics of syntax) and Bayān (figurative speech) are dependent on your showing your aim and purpose by planting signs and allusions indicating them. For randomness renders them worthless. While the science of Badī' (the embellishment of speech) and verbal ornamentation (tezyinat-ı lafziyye) are dependent on chance and the lack of intention, or to be close to the true meaning as though by chance.

Allusion

It is no secret that the most penetrating of instruments that points to external truths and fastens a mental proposition to the external law, and if one may say so, rends the veil and discloses the truth behind it, is the intensive particle inna. It is due to this characteristic of inna that it is used frequently in the Qur'an.

Note

Brother! You should not be misled by the subtle laws described in this article standing aloof from these wretched styles of mine and their disliking them. For instance, one should not think that if the laws had been good, they would have given a good lesson in rhetoric to the person who included them, and they would have donned a fine style. But the person who included them is illiterate and his