Istanbul Foundation for Science and Culture
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beloved's beauty, alluding to her aloofness, hinting at the pain of separation, stating their ardour, indicating their desire for union, and describing her beauty which excites their compassion, they point out many tender imaginings from the mass of feelings that excite the emotions.

Indication

In the working of any government, the officials should all be given wages commensurate with their capabilities, duties, and functions. Similarly, the muddle of meanings proceeding from the various levels of speech should be distinguished from one another fairly and carefully, appropriately to their dues, and proportionately to their closeness to the general aim, purpose, and intention. Then from the proportion proceeding from the order, which results from that balance, and from the agreeable harmony proceeding from the proportionateness, and from the beauty of the relationships proceeding from the harmony, a fine balance may emerge to achieve the speech's perfection. Otherwise those who should serve yet have puerile natures become conceited and in their conceit, confuse the relationships and spoil the order. This means that the capabilities of the parts of speech should be borne in mind. Yes, each should be promoted in accordance with its abilities. It is clear that however beautiful a member like an eye or nose may be, if it is smaller or bigger than it should be, it renders the whole ugly.

Note

Sometimes a lowly private may perform a task, for example, discover the enemy's secrets, that a field marshall could not perform. Or a young student may carry out some task that an eminent scholar could not perform. For an eminent person is not necessarily eminent in everything. Everyone is eminent or proficient in his own profession. Similarly, among conflicting meanings, a minor meaning may govern and gain value. For its function has importance due to some future cause. The thrust of the speech is thus because the explicit meaning lacks competence. For it is either clear and obvious, or it is tenuous and slight, and adds nothing to the main aim of

4–6 October 2026 · Istanbul

13th International Bediuzzaman Symposium

Visit the symposium website for the programme, papers and registration.