Istanbul Foundation for Science and Culture
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Mount Subhan due to the possibility that Lake Van may turn into grape molasses and Mount Subhan into sugar-encrusted honey. Or because they do not accept that the earth is round like some of our friends, the possibility that dragging their feet they will tumble into the oceans of non-existence. So one shouldn't affirm that Lake Van and Mount Subhan remain permanently in their original states. So now you know, O wretches! Where are you? Look! It is accepted in logic that conjectures about concrete perceptible things are held to be self-evident. If you deny such self-evident matters, I'll send you my condolences rather than giving you advice. Because you look on knowledge obtained through the external senses (ulûm-u âdiye) as dead and sophistries as living.

The Fourth Calamity that confuses the literalists is their mixing up conjectural or delusive possibilities (imkân-ı vehmî) with reasonable ones. But because conjectural possibilities have given birth to sophistry out of the rootless race of blind imitation, without offering proof (delîl) they have each opened the way in self-evident matters to a "perhaps," a "possibly," and to doubts. This arises mostly from the failure to reason, a weakness of the heart or nervous disorder of the brain, and the failure to conceive of the subject and attribute of propositions. Whereas, to doubt a reasonable possibility means being hesitant about a matter that is not necessary and about which there is no certain proof of its existence or non-existence. If such doubt has arisen from proof (delîl) it is acceptable; otherwise it is not creditable. However, concerning conjectural possibilities, some people given to delusions say: "They may not be as the proofs (bürhan) show, because reason cannot comprehend everything. Our reasons tell us that this may be the case." Yes, no, what affords such a possibility is your delusive imagination. For the mark of the reason is to operate through proofs (bürhan). For sure it cannot weigh up everything, but it can judge such material matters and any matter that cannot escape the clutches of sight, its smallest servant. If it can't do this, then like a child, we should not be held accountable.

4–6 October 2026 · Istanbul

13th International Bediuzzaman Symposium

Visit the symposium website for the programme, papers and registration.