and the Sayyid [^22] hold the globe in their hands like a ball and are looking at every side of it.

[^22]:Abū al-Hasan 'Alī ibn Muhammad al-Sayyid al-Sharif al-Jurjānī (d. 816/1413). Born near Astarabad and died in Shiraz. An authority in the sciences Arabic, kalām, and fiqh. The work referred to here is his famous commentary on 'Aḍud al-Dīn al-Ījī's kalām manual, al-Mawāqif. al-Jurjānī's work, Sharḥ al-Mawāqif, was a standard medrese text. For the earth's sphericity, see. Sharḥ al-Mawāqif (Beirut: 1433/2012), vii, 145-7.

If that door does not open to you, enter upon Imam Razi's extensive commentary, Mafātiḥ al-Ghayb, [^23] and join his study circle as he teaches, and listen to him.

[^23]:Abū 'Abd Allāh Muhammad b. 'Umar Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 606/1209). One of the most celebrated theologians and exegetists of Islam. His numerous works are mostly concerned with kalām, philosophy, and Qur'anic exegesis, his most famous work of exegesis being al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr otherwise known as Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb. He as born in Rayy and died at Herat. For the earth's sphericity, see for example, al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr (Beirut: 1429/2008), vii, 336, 337 (2:22).

If you are not assured by him and you still have not grasped the idea of sphericity, follow İbrahim Hakkı, [^24] approach Imam Ghazali, the Hujjat al-Islam, [^25] and request a fatwa. Ask him if there is any dispute over the earth's sphericity, he is bound to reply: "If you don't accept it, there'll be a dispute!" For even at that time he issued such a fatwa: "If anyone denies a definitely proven and established matter like the earth's sphericity on the pretext of defending religion, he perpetrates a serious crime. To do so is betrayal of religion, not loyalty towards it."

[^24]:Erzurumlu İbrahim Hakkı (d. 1194/1780), author of the compendious Mârifetnâme. See, Mârifetnâme. Ed. Meyan (Istanbul: 1999), 86 ff., 270-86.

[^25]:Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammed b. Muḥammed al-Ghazālī (d. 505/1111). The pre-eminent theologian, jurist, original thinker, and mystic. He was born in Tus in Khurasan, where he also retired in his last years and died. For the earth's sphericity, see, The Incoherence of the Philosophers. Tr. Michael E. Marmura (Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 2000), 6.