Rancour and hatred reigned over the valleys of the past, together with brute force, feelings, and emotion, all of which breed the desire for superiority. Persuasion was sufficient to guide the people of those times. For embellishing and aggrandising what one said to flatter their emotions and touch their feelings, or employing drama or powerful eloquence to familiarise it to their imaginations, took the place of proof. But to compare us now to them means confining us to the corner of those times as though in a military retreat. We want proof; we are not deceived by embroidered words.

The source of the steam of the facts of science, which causes the rain to fall ceaselessly in the plains of the present and on the mountains of the future, is thought, reason, truth, and science (hikmet). One's assertions, therefore, can be proved only by conclusive arguments, and these give rise to the wish to search for reality and the love of truth, and preferring the general good to one's own, and the inclination to act humanely. We are the people of the present and are destined for the future. Embellishing what is claimed does not satisfy our minds; we want proof.

Let's talk a little about the good things and the bad of the past and future, which resemble two kings. For the most part, in the country of the past force, caprice, nature, feelings, and emotions ruled, one of the evils of which was that despotism and domination were present in all matters, if only on the whole. Hostility towards outlooks other than one's own was preferred to love and partiality for one's own outlook. While hatred for one person was manifested as love for another. And partisanship and fierce support and partiality intervened, all of which form obstacles to the discovery of truth.

In Short: Since the above tendencies were various, feelings of partisanship incited differences and revolt by pointing the finger at everything, and the truth fled and was hidden.

Another evil of the emotions' despotism was that it was mostly bigotry or accusing others of error or sophistry that led to the founding of schools of thought and law and ways (mesâlik ve mezâhib). Whereas all three are reprehensible in the view of the Shari'a, and opposed to Islamic brotherhood and human relations