Istanbul Foundation for Science and Culture
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and if you are able to divest the truth of the various forms it has assumed due to the effects of time and place, you will see that the prophets acted in accordance with the principles of public law (hukûkullah) and private law (hukûk-u ibad), which are a flame of sheer virtue and a light of divine providence, and they taught how people should be regarded by humanity and how they should act towards other peoples and renounce personal interests, and other matters. The principles that were the pivot of prophethood were found in Muhammad (UWBP) in clearer and more perfect form, since he is the master of the sons of man at the age of their maturity and elderliness, and the source of the high sciences in the medrese of the Arabian Peninsula and their teacher. That is, in addition to pointing to the conclusion of Muhammad's (UWBP) prophethood through induction, particularly with the assistance of the hidden syllogism in one type based on the regular order [in the universe] and corroborated by the analogy known as evlevi, through the tongue of their miracles and in respect of the procedure of discarding extraneous matters called tenkih-ül menât, [^8] the prophets testified to the veracity of Muhammad (UWBP), who was a clear proof of the Maker's existence.

[^8]:The hidden syllogism (kıyas-ı hafî; Ar. qiyās khafī) is an enthymeme: an argument in which one premise is not explicitly stated. The analogy called evlevî (kıyas-ı evlevî) is an analogy in which the reason or purpose for it is more compelling in the subject (fer') than in the analogue or thing from which the analogy is drawn. Tenkih-ül menât (Ar. tanqīḥ al-manāṭ) is the procedure of removing irrelevant details from the reason for or cause of a legal judgement reached by analogical reasoning.

Apology

I can't express this in short sentences and it becomes unclear. For these truths have sent out deep roots in every direction and the discussion has become protracted. I don't want to spoil the form of the question, or to break it up and injure the truth. I want also to draw a circle around the truth so that it is hemmed in and can't escape. If I can't capture it, others should do so. If you excuse me, so be it. Anyway, there is liberty and no oppression, so it's up to you!

4–6 October 2026 · Istanbul

13th International Bediuzzaman Symposium

Visit the symposium website for the programme, papers and registration.